Ferro-Magenese Alloys

High-Carbon FeMn
Grade	Chemical Composition % (max)
	Mn	C	Si		P		S
			I	II	I	II
FeMn79C7.5	79.0-85.0	7.5	1.2	1.2	0.20	0.30	0.03
FeMn75C7.5-A	75.0-79.0	7.5	1.2	1.2	0.20	0.30	0.03
FeMn75C7.5-B	75.0-79.0	7.5	1.5	2.5	0.20	0.33	0.03
FeMn70C7.0	70.0-75.0	7.0	2.0	3.0	0.20	0.38	0.03
FeMn65C7.0	65.0-70.0	7.0	2.5	4.5	0.20	0.40	0.03

Medium-Carbon FeMn
Grade	Chemical Composition % (max)
	Mn	C	Si		P		S
			I	II	I	II
FeMn80C1.5	80.0-85.0	1.5	1.0	1.5	0.20	0.30	0.02
FeMn78C1.5	75.0-82.0	1.5	1.5	2.5	0.20	0.33	0.03
FeMn75C2.0	75.0-82.0	2.0	1.5	2.5	0.20	0.40	0.03

Low-Carbon FeMn
Grade	Chemical Composition %
	Mn	C	Si		P		S
			I	II	I	II
		max %
FeMn85C0.2	85.0-90.0	0.2	1.0	2.0	0.10	0.30	0.02
FeMn80C0.4	80.0-85.0	0.4	1.0	2.0	0.15	0.30	0.02
FeMn80C0.7	80.0-85.0	0.7	1.0	2.0	0.20	0.30	0.02
FeMn80C1.0	80.0-85.0	1.0	0.7	1.5	0.20	0.30	0.02
FeMn78C1.0	78.0-85.0	1.0	1.5	2.5	0.20	0.33	0.03

Si-Mn Alloys
Mn:	Si:	C:	S:	P:	Size:
70-72%	17%	2.0%	0.04%	0.20%	3" x 1/4"
60-63%	27%	0.1%	0.02%	0.20%	3" x 1/4"

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Manganese metallurgy is very similar to iron metallurgy except that a higher temperature (over 1200 C) is required for the reduction of manganese oxide. Standard (or high carbon) ferromanganese, which is to manganese what pig iron is to iron, is a very commonly used alloy. It contains more than 76% of manganese and about 7% carbon, and can be produced either in the blast furnace or in the electric furnace. The steel industry also requires manganese alloys with less carbon than that found in standard ferromanganese. For a long time these alloys, medium-carbon and low-carbon ferromanganese were both produced by a silicothermic process involving the reaction of silicomanganese and manganese ore, the latter generally being reduced to near-MnO state by heating. At present, however, medium carbon grades (1% to 1.5% carbon) are produced either in the ladle or in the converter. For a lower carbon grade, silicomanganese must still be used. SilicoManganese (SiMn), which was first produced at the beginning of the 20th century, when calcium carbide furnaces were reconverted to produce ferroalloys. The standard grade contains 14-16% Si, 65-68% Mn, with about 2% carbon. Lower carbon levels result when the silicon content is increased. Special grades with up to 30% Si are produced for use in the manufacture of stainless steel.